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This is http://www.essayz.com/a8605081.htm Previous-Essay <== This-Essay ==> Following-Essay Click HERE on this line to find essays via Your-Key-Words. {Most frequent wordstarts of each essay will be put here.} ========================================================== %REFLEXIVE SCIENTISTS RELIGIOUS PRAYER 860508 Prayer and religious activities are essentially reflexive; having to do with the needs, desires, emotions, fears, hopes, aspirations, decisions, actions, personal relationships, regrets, ideals, values, etc. of the participants. In prayer and religious activities the focus of attention is essentially reflexive as contrasted with scientific activities where the focus of attention is supposed to be objective; upon other than the participants--- with the participants playing as minimal a role as possible in the determination of the consequences of impersonal circumstances. Once the impersonal circumstances have been arranged the role of the persons is to watch, record and analyze as impersonally as possible; seeking to avoid personal considerations in the perceptions and interpretations. Personal needs, desires, emotions, fears, hopes, aspirations, decisions, actions, relationships, regrets, ideals, values, etc. of the participants---are not supposed to play a significant role in determining the results which flow from an experimental procedure. The fruits of scientists' activities are not supposed to bear the personal stamp of the unique identities of the scientists. The laws they discover are not supposed to be their creations, not uniquely expressions of their personality, but pre-existing realities which they to discovered. Credit and honor goes only to the very few scientific explorers who discover new realities first. This makes competition rather than cooperation central to scientific respect. Respect is not based upon creative personal expression of unique personalities, but upon convergent thoughts, regarding which universal agreement can be reached. Scientists can only rarely feel good about their work as expressions of their own personal identities. They do not have professional grounds for feeling good about their scientific activities as expressions of their own personal identities. They can not with professional integrity engage in professional prayer and religious activities which are self- referential; for self-referential activities are taboo to people who are committed to exclusive objectivity. (c) 2005 by Paul A. Smith in (On Being Yourself, Whole and Healthy) ==========================================================